Aside from having software which depends on PostgreSQL, the reasons for getting it is the same as any RDBMS. SQL Server, FireBird, Oracle, MS Access, MySql, etc. all pretty much do the same thing. Differences mainly lie with the variant of SQL* in use, supported features of SQL*, performance, featureset, and cost.
As for what you'd use an RDBMS for, to manage a relational database. Relational databases are databases where tables contain interelated data (hence the name). Like I can have a table of customers, a table of products, and another table which contains purchases, whose columns would be a purchase ID, the customer's ID, the product's ID, how much of the product was bought and the date.
*I can't think of any RDBMS which doesn't use SQL in one form or another.
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